THE SELECTION OF DANCERS CHARACTERISTICS AND PARTICULARITIES

Problem statement:


Introduction
Given the diversity of forms that selection can take in expression sports (according to certain principles) and at the same time, taking stock of the most used terms in the field, we further set out some models and classification criteria but also methods and forms of selection.
Sports selection is the activity of discovering and orienting young talents to sports considered "appropriate" to the highlighted skills or predictive qualities -likely to develop, and for many specialists, a challenge they refuse to accept (Alter, J. B., 1997).
The discovery of children with skills for practicing Dance Sport must be made in accordance with certain selection models that belong to this sport of expression and must include strategies specific to this discipline.
In organizing and directing the training of future athletes -dancers will be taken into account both the performance requirements specific to each stage of the selection and to the capacity and availability of those selected.This way, it will be possible to make a more accurate diagnosis of the possibilities of future athletes -dancers.
The discovery and guidance (orientation) of talent in the sports environment, resides in the complex activity carried out by various institutions and competent persons (teachers / coaches) for different levels of training in order to promote the further development of the athlete.
From the point of view of the static conception, the specialists in the field have identified the following components: • determinants of performance capacity; • volitional availability; • the socio-cultural environment that determines the athlete's availability; • the real performances of the novice athlete/ dancer; From the point of view of the dynamic conception, the components are the following: • active transformation process; • guidance through trainings and competitions; • a succession of correctly composed psycho-pedagogical processes; Selection is a process of identification and evaluation with the highest possible degree of prediction of the qualities and skills necessary to practice a sport (high performance) process carried out according to medical-sports, somatic-physiological, biochemical, psycho-pedagogical and motor criteria.(Roman, 2007).
Talent, in the sports field, it is based on the principle that "talent is highlighted during a dynamic and laborious process and is oriented towards a certain specificity through random transpositions or through changes that take place in the whole personality (Weineck, J., 1997).
The criteria, the tests but also the sports selection norms that are used in the beginning part, come together and form the selection model.
The most important aspect in the realization of the selection model is to decide and elaborate the structural and quality parameters of the specific model of a certain branch, a model that has as reference elements the characteristics of the athletes who practice the respective discipline.It must be borne in mind that the body of athletes is in full morphological, functional, motor and mental development.

Methods
Various selection models are presented in the literature.We selected a certain model (O.Mahn,1982) which takes into account factors that determine the talent of future athlete, considering that it is very close to the selection model for the discipline of Dance Sport.
The model contains the following aspects: • Predispositions of anthropometric nature: waist, weight, body structure, center of gravity; • Physical characteristics: aerobic / anaerobic endurance, static / dynamic force, speed of action and reaction, mobility; • Motor-technical predispositions: balance, sense of rhythm, sense of space and time, ability to express, possibilities of a musical nature; • Learning ability: ease and speed of learning, observation, analysis, insight; • Provisions for performance: availability for effort, ambition, perseverance, competitive spirit, tolerance, fair play, acceptance of defeat; • Cognitive abilities: concentration, motor intelligence, creativity, tactical possibilities; • Affective factors: stress control ability, mental stability; • Social factors: ability to cooperate, integrate, adapt, relate; The selection process is based on certain criteria that have been systematized by different researchers (Avramoff, E.1982), as follows: 1.The medical-biological criteria refer to: • the state of health of the organism according to which it will be possible to develop the qualities and the specific motor baggage; • the somatic aspect, which will highlight, also in the selection stage, the following: -the existence of physical deficiencies or deformations at the level of the musculoskeletal system; -the existence of serious deficiencies or diseases of the cardiovascular system, of the respiratory system, of the renal system, etc .; • the anthropometric aspect is highlighted in the initial stage of the selection and refers to: -hereditary characteristics, for example: genetic formulas for estimating the height of the adult, starting from the knowledge of the height of the parents (Hm = height of the mother; Hf = the height of the father, Height of the boy = (Hm + Hf) × 1,08 / 2; Height of the girl = (Hm + Hf) x 0.923 / 2 and stature: Father's stature + Mother's stature / 2 = Average); -anthropometric dimensions (anthropometric examination); -the level of motor qualities, in the initial selection refers to: sense of balance, spatial -temporal orientation, coordination of movements, motor rhythmic sense, motor memory; The sphere of motor qualities is the main concern of the coach in order to obtain sports performance.The level of development of motor skills will be tested at each stage of selection.
According to the sport literature available, (Martinescu, M., 2000) the selection criteria are not very demanding, the body structure of sport dancers, in general, must be well proportioned, with a pleasant appearance, a correct posture, the cardio-respiratory system to be healthy, a well-functioning neuro-psychic system and a stress-resistant neuro-muscular system (neuro-muscular excitability, lasting concentration, distributive attention, sense of rhythm, sense of balance, kinesthetic sense, spatial orientationtemporal), endurance and effort capacity to fit the mixed effort.
Regarding girls, the selection criteria aim at: a normosome appearance, normal indices between weight and height, good mobility at the level of large joints (spine, coxofemoral, scapulohumeral).
For boys, the selection criteria aim at: reduced adipose tissue, lower limbs (harmoniously developed) longer than the torso, narrow pelvis, good mobility at the hip and femur and at the spine.
2. The psychological criteria constitute the approach by which the knowledge of the psychological particularities of athletes it is achieved (it is suitable for artistic / emotional aspects) and their correspondence with the clear requirements of the performance artistic-sports activity (Dragnea A., Teodorescu S. , 2002) and are made by testing the following factors: • emotional balance and affective factors; • will; • courage; • attention; • socio-cultural factors; 3. The methodological-pedagogical criteria refer to the obtaining of the sports classification, in accordance with the classification regulations (classification categories, technical categories and age categories).These criteria are approached after the initial and secondary stages of selection.

The motor criteria are concerned with determining the motor level of athletes
(children / young people), in the initial stage but especially in the following stages.There will be tests and control rules specific to each discipline, adapted to the particularities of each stage of the selection process.The content of this system of regulations will be differentiated according to the age and level of training of the sports candidate.Separate tests will be applied for beginner, advanced and performance groups.
In the discipline of Dance Sport there is a need to apply the system of selection criteria.
It must be adapted to all the characteristics of this sport of expression and correlated with the current level of sports performance in dance of a competitive nature.Creating and training future high-performance dancers is a bold and delicate project, an extremely complex operation.
In order to materialize the above and without claiming to be exhausted, the following elements must be taken into account: • the nature of the criteria and the specificity of the sport; • new ways to learn and improve the existing criteria/ tests; This type of selection facilitates the formation of new training groups for future competitive stages, helping the team of instructors, coaches, choreographers and specialists in this field, to examine the physical, technical, artistic and mental training of sports dancers.
The final selection has the following general characteristics: national / international level, marks the transition to performance sports, the criterion of the value of sports performance, specific motor and behavioral performances (tests), general and specific preparation for performance training, personality assessment;

Conclusions:
In any sport, selection is a long process and requires seriousness, perseverance and exigency of those who perform it, but it is recommended to take into account both the particularities of the sport and the particularities of each dancer.
The diagnosis of skills must be correlated with both the particularity of the chronological age and the particularity of the biological age, in accordance to the processes of growth and to the development of the human body.
It is not mandatory for a child / adolescent / young person to become a high class performer, but it is vital for the young generation to be included in programs that can facilitate the development of those who have real sports skills and then find enough motivation to practice it, at the level of "achieving one's own greatness".
It is necessary to design a set of tests and control rules, specific to the first stages of selection (initial and secondary stage) for future athletes -dancers.Anthropometric measurements: height, weight, sole-shoe number, bust circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist length, head circumference, waist-floor length, wingspan; Tests: repeating speed tests (Tapping, Touch the plates), static balance tests (Writing stylus, Oscillating platform, Platform with piezoelectric sensors) / dynamic (Bass, Kirkendal, Bruininks-Oseretschy), flexibility tests (general, specific, active, passive , mixed) and mobility (Schober, Condition and extension, Ober, Thomas), trunk lifts (abdominal crunches), coordination tests (Bruininks-Oseretschy-segmental coordination / upper limb coordination, Matorin-general coordination, laterality, ambidexterity), spatial & temporal orientation tests, long jump from the spot, hanging, movement tests: shuttle running / speed (starting from standing position) / endurance, tests regarding the rhythmic sense; Both the criteria and the set of tests and norms from the initial stage will be adapted to both, age and sex of dancers, taking into account the specifics of the activity (working in pairs).The selection process requires organization forms that are appropriate to a continuous and systematic work, determining the achievement of high sports performance.The specific stages of selection (Grigore, V. 2001) are: Stage I, is that of the initial selection and has as tasks: • Discovering children with special skills for that discipline; • Formation of working groups following the selection; • Achieving an adequate physical, technical, tactical, artistic and mental training for mastering the basic technical elements (figures / dance elements) and ensuring the general basis of the movements; • Phase I: -Visual examination of children by the coach in terms of morphology (normal physical development, proportionality of segments), medical control on functional aspects of the body: respiratory capacity, heart rate, blood pressure (children with health problems will not be admitted); -Research of hereditary, morphofunctional skills; • Phase II: -General motor testing with the help of specific tests to detect the specific skills of the sports industry; -Global assessment of children's personality after finding out the test results; • Phase III (following the initial selection): -Organizing groups according to age, sex, in order to carry out a systematic training for 6 -12 months of 2 -4 workouts / week (in this phase will learn the basic technical elements -figures, elements and work intense for general physical training with priority for "correct attire" and correct technical execution; Thus, the initial selection has the following general characteristics: it is approached at the age of 4/5 years -8/10 years depending on the dance style, a very good health is necesarry, school performance and social / motivational status, morphofunctional constitutional aspect, general motor skills; Stage II corresponds to the basic stage of sports specialization and includes: -Harmonious physical development; -Development of age-specific effort capacity; -Development of motor capacity, moral and will qualities; -Improving the technical elements (for a future participation in competitions); -Artistic training; We can summarize the fact that the secondary selection has the following general characteristics: puberty age categories, between 10-14 years, varying depending on the sport / dance style, but at a time period of 3-5 years distance to the first selection, the first evaluations sports (the degree of mastery of the dance elements / dance figures of a technical / tactical nature -basic, choreography and rhythm / tempo elements, orientation towards sports specialization, general motor performance capacity in the sports branch; Stage III corresponds to the final selection and performance training for the improvement of sports skills, the tasks of the stage being: -Increasing the level of motor quality; -Improving the technical elements of great difficulty; -Improving tactical and psychological training for participating to important competitions;